TY - JOUR A2 - Scherr, Douglas S. AU - Kontos, Stylianos AU - Sotiropoulou-Bonikou, Georgia AU - Kominea, Athina AU - Melachrinou, Maria AU - Balampani, Eleni AU - Bonikos, Dionysis PY - 2010 DA - 2010/08/23 TI - Coordinated Increased Expression of Cyclooxygenase2 and Nuclear Factor B Is a Steady Feature of Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis SP - 871356 VL - 2010 AB - Objectives. The inescapable relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis has long been established. Our objective was to investigate COX-2 and NF- κ B immunohistochemical expression in a large series of normal epithelium and bladder carcinomas. Methods. Immunohistochemical methodology was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from urinary bladder carcinomas of 140 patients (94 males and 46 females with bladder carcinomas). Results. COX-2 expression is increased in the cytoplasm of bladder cells, during loss of cell differentiation ( r s = 0.61 , P -value < .001 ) and in muscle invasive carcinomas ( P -value < .001 ). A strong positive association between tumor grade and nuclear expression of NF κ B has been established. A positive correlation between COX-2 and nuclear NF κ B immunoreactivity was observed. Conclusions. The possible coordinated upregulation of NF κ B and COX-2, during bladder carcinogenesis, indicates that agents inhibitors of these two molecules may represent a possible new treatment strategy, by virtue of their role in bladder carcinogenesis. SN - 1687-6369 UR - https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/871356 DO - 10.1155/2010/871356 JF - Advances in Urology PB - Hindawi Publishing Corporation KW - ER -